冯业童;刘朋飞;董超;周余来;

• 1:吉林大学药学院生物工程实验中心

摘要(Abstract)：

Exosomes是一种由活细胞分泌到细胞外的膜性小囊泡,来源于多囊体,大小为50～100 nm。Exosomes表面有大量与其结构和功能密切相关的蛋白质和脂质成分,多种细胞均可分泌Exosomes。Exosomes具有多种重要功能,尤其对肿瘤的免疫治疗具有重要作用。树突细胞和肿瘤细胞来源的Exosomes在肿瘤免疫治疗方面具有良好的治疗效果,已成为近年来肿瘤学研究的一个热点。本文对Exosomes的生物起源、生物学特性、生理功能及其在肿瘤诊断和免疫中的作用机制作一综述。

关键词(KeyWords)： Exosomes;肿瘤;免疫治疗

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Authors): 冯业童;刘朋飞;董超;周余来;

DOI: 10.13200/j.cjb.2012.07.134.fengyt.032

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Masciopinto F,Giovani C,Campagnoli S,et al.Association of hep-atitis C virus envelope proteins with exosomes[J].Eur J Immunol,2004,34(10):2834-2842.
• [2]张红菱,李晓波,李媛媛,等.一种新的纳米级细胞来源囊泡外泌体的特征[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(30):128-130.
• [3]Johnstone RM,Mathew A,Mason AB,et al.Exosome formationduring maturation of mammalian and avian reticulocytes:evidencethat exosome release is a major route for externalization of obsoletemembrane proteins[J].J Cell Physiol,1991,147(1):27-36.
• [4]Simpson RJ,Lim JW,Moritz RL,et al.Exosomes:proteomic in-sights and diagnostic potential[J].Expert Rev Proteomics,2009,6(3):267-283.
• [5]Ogawa Y,Miura Y,Harazono A,et al.Proteomic analysis of twotypes of exosomes in human whole saliva[J].Biol Pharm Bull,2011,34(1):13-23.
• [6]Raimondo F,Morosi L,Chinello C,et al.Advances in membra-nous vesicle and exosome proteomics improving biological under-standing and biomarker discovery[J].Proteomics,2011,11(4):709-720.
• [7]苗滋伟,李岩溪.Exosomes及其在肿瘤治疗中的作用[J].中国实用医药,2009,4(1):221-223.
• [8]赵丽华.树突状细胞分泌的Exosomes诱导免疫耐受功能的初步研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.
• [9]Record M,Subra C,Silvente-Poirot S,et al.Exosomes as inter-cellular signalosomes and pharmacological effectors[J].BiochemPharmacol,2011,81(10):1171-1182.
• [10]Camussi G,Deregibus MC,Bruno S,et al.Exosomes/mi-crovesicles as a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication[J].Kidney Int,2010,78(9):828-848.
• [11]Mittelbrunn M,Gutiérrez-Vázquez C,Villarroya-Beltri C,et al.Unidirectional transfer of microRNA-loaded exosomes from Tcells to antigen-presenting cells[J].Nat Commun,2011,2:282-291.
• [12]Rana S,Z觟ller M.Exosome target cell selection and the impor-tance of exosomal tetraspanins:a hypothesis[J].Biochem SocTrans,2011,39(2):559-562.
• [13]Keller S,Ridinger J,Rupp AK,et al.Body fluid derived exo-somes as a novel template for clinical diagnostics[J].J TranslMed,2011,9(1):86-94.
• [14]Zeelenberg IS,Ostrowski M,Krumeich S,et al.Targeting tumorantigens to secreted membrane vesicles in vivo induces efficientantitumor immune responses[J].Cancer Res 2008,68(4):1228-1235.
• [15]Nanjundappa RH,Wang R,Xie Y,et al.GP120-specific exo-some-targeted T cell-based vaccine capable of stimulating DC-and CD4(+)T-independent CTL responses[J].Vaccine,2011,29(19):3538-3547.
• [16]Clayton A,Mitchell JP,Court J,et al.Human tumor-derived ex-osomes selectively impair lymphocyte responses to interleukin-2[J].Cancer Res,2007,67(15):7458-7466.
• [17]Qu JL,Qu XJ,Zhao MF,et al.The role of cbl family of ubiqui-tin ligases in gastric cancer exosome-induced apoptosis of JurkatT cells[J].Acta Oncol,2009,48(8):1173-1180.
• [18]Al-Nedawi K,Meehan B,Micallef J,et al.Intercellular transferof the oncogenic receptor EGFRvIII by microvesicles derived fromtumour cells[J].Nat Cell Biol,2008,10(5):619-624.
• [19]Skog J,Würdinger T,van Rijn S,et al.Glioblastoma microvesi-cles transport RNA and proteins that promote tumour growth andprovide diagnostic biomarkers[J].Nat Cell Biol,2008,10(12):1470-1476.
• [20]Higginbotham JN,Demory Beckler M,Gephart JD,et al.Am-phiregulin exosomes increase cancer cell invasion[J].Curr Biol,2011,21(9):779-786.
• [21]Singh PP,LeMaire C,Tan JC,et al.Exosomes released from M.tuberculosis infected cells can suppress IFN-γmediated activationof naive macrophages[J].PLoS One,2011,6(4):e18564.
• [22]Escrevente C,Keller S,Altevogt P,et al.Interaction and uptakeof exosomes by ovarian cancer cells[J].BMC Cancer,2011,11(1):108-117.
• [23]Duijvesz D,Luider T,Bangma CH,et al.Exosomes as biomarkertreasure chests for prostate cancer[J].Eur Urol,2011,59(5):823-831.
• [24]Blanc L,Vidal M.Reticulocyte membrane remodeling:contribu-tion of the exosome pathway[J].Curr Opin Hematol,2010,17(3):177-183.
• [25]Schorey JS,Bhatnagar S.Exosome function:from tumor immunol-ogy to pathogen biology[J].Traffic,2008,9(6):871-881.
• [26]Peche H,Renaudin K,Beriou G,et al.Induction of toleranceby exosomes and short-term immunosuppression in a fully MHC-mismatched rat cardiac allograft model[J].Am J Tran splant,2006,6(7):1541-1550.
• [27]Tan A,De La Pena H,Seifalian AM.The application of exo-somes as a nanoscale cancer vaccine[J].Int J Nanomedicine,2010,5(1):889-900.
• [28]Urruticoechea A,Alemany R,Balart J,et al.Recent advancesin cancer therapy:an overview[J].Curr Pharm Des,2010,16(1):3-10.